[더 보다] 로봇이 깨어났다…휴머노이드 ‘패권 경쟁’ / KBS 2025.03.11.

KBS News March 19, 2025
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중국 항저우. 빌딩 숲속 평범한 건물. 얼마 전 세상을 깜짝 놀라게 한 중국 AI 스타트업, 딥시크 본사가 있는 곳입니다. 카메라와 취재진이 익숙하다는 듯 맞이하는 건물 관리인. KBS 외에도 미국, 싱가포르, 독일 등 딥시크를 취재하러 온 외신들이 많았지만, 딥시크 측에서 모두 인터뷰를 거절했다고 말합니다. 결국 KBS 취재진도 딥시크 창업자 량원펑은 물론, 그 어떤 딥시크 관계자도 만날 수 없었습니다. 챗GPT 개발비의 약 6%에 불과한 비용으로 유사한 성능을 보여준 딥시크는 전 세계를 큰 충격에 빠트렸고, '딥시크 쇼크'로 미국과 중국의 AI 패권 경쟁은 더욱 격화됐습니다. 미국 빅테크 기업들은 챗GPT 등으로 대표되는 기존의 생성형 AI를 모니터 밖으로 끌어낼 방법까지 찾아 나섰습니다. 전문가들은 '물리적 AI' 경쟁이 심화할 경우, 인간형 로봇(이하 휴머노이드)이 새로운 격전지가 될 것이라고 예고합니다. ■ '압도적 자본력' 미국의 휴머노이드 막강한 자본력으로 20세기 이후 주요 산업에서 패권을 유지해 온 미국. 로봇 산업에서도 다르지 않습니다. 미국의 스타트업 피규어AI는 '알아서 일하는 휴머노이드' 피규어 02를 공개하며 강한 인상을 남겼습니다. ■ '가격 경쟁력'으로 승부... 무서운 추격자 '중국' 이런 미국을 무섭게 추격하는 나라는 중국입니다. 올해 초, 중국 춘절 공연으로 화제가 된 로봇. 중국 유니트리의 휴머노이드 H1입니다. 키 180cm, 성인 남성과 비슷한 크기로 다양한 동작을 선보이며 주목을 받았습니다. 이 로봇을 만든 회사, 유니트리를 KBS 취재진이 직접 방문했습니다. 무섭게 성장하는 중국의 로봇 스타트업. 지난해 공개된 휴머노이드 중 68.8%가 중국에서 생산한 로봇이었습니다. 올해부터 휴머노이드를 대량 생산하고, 2027년엔 세계 시장 선두를 차지하겠다는 중국 정부의 육성 정책이 성과를 내기 시작한 겁니다. ■ 2005년 '한국 휴머노이드' 휴보와 마루를 기억하십니까 2000년대 초반만 해도 한국도 로봇 산업을 주도했습니다. 2000년대 초반, 산업자원부와 정보통신부 주도로 개발한 로봇, 휴보와 마루입니다. 이제는 생기를 잃은 채 말없이 전시관을 지키고 있습니다. 단기적인 성과를 중시하는 국내 연구개발 시스템의 한계였습니다. ■ 미국과 중국 휴머노이드 산업 성장 … 한국 정부도 '이제야 관심' 정부가 휴머노이드에 다시 관심을 갖기 시작한 건 지난해부텁니다. 미국과 중국의 성과가 주목을 받기 시작하면서부텁니다. 정부는 로봇 산업 연구개발 예산을 올해 역대 최고 수준으로 늘린 데 이어, 국가 첨단 전략기술로 지정해 각종 보조금과 인재 양성까지 지원할 계획입니다. ■ 한국 휴머노이드, 어디로 가야 하나 우리는 다시 기회를 잡을 수 있을까. 국내 휴머노이드 제조회사, 에이로봇. 로봇 ‘앨리스4’에게 인간의 행동을 따라 하게 하는 ‘모방학습’이 한창입니다. ▣ 제보 하기 ◇ 카카오톡 : 'KBS제보' 검색 ◇ 전화 : 02-781-1234 ◇ 홈페이지 : https://goo.gl/4bWbkG ◇ 이메일 : [email protected] Copyright ⓒ KBS. All rights reserved. 무단 전재, 재배포 및 이용(AI 학습 포함) 금지 #휴머노이드 #로봇 #AI

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