'25.12.20《 經濟學人 》財經版塊:華爾街空頭賭上身家做空AI|美企殺入剛果戰區搶鋰礦|僅3%股票賺錢的殘酷真相|幣圈金主奪權銀行業|人口雪崩竟是統計學謊言

雜書觀察室 December 18, 2025
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20251220《經濟學人》財經版塊:做空大師賭什麼:股市贏家通吃真相 0:00 引言 0:18 • 做空大師的獵物:美國頂級空頭現在賭什麼? 當前美股在一片 AI 狂熱中屢創新高,但華爾街最頂尖的做空大師們卻看到了截然不同的景象。本段落揭示了吉姆·查諾斯 (Jim Chanos)、卡森·布洛克 (Carson Block) 等「金融偵探」的逆勢佈局。儘管他們一致認為市場估值已達 2000 年泡沫水準,但對「崩盤引信」卻有不同見解:查諾斯認為是「敘事失靈」,即 AI 故事講不下去導致買盤耗盡;布洛克則關注「失業率上升」,這將切斷支撐牛市的退休金 (401K) 被動金流。更令人擔憂的是,數據顯示美國家庭資產中股票佔比已突破 30%,創下歷史新高,意味著一旦市場反轉,中產階級將面臨前所未有的財富衝擊,而監管機構對做空者的打壓,更讓市場失去了預警的「消防員」。 14:40 • 前進剛果:美資礦業如何在動盪中挑戰中國霸權? 中美角力戰場延伸至非洲剛果的礦坑。本段落講述了比爾·蓋茲支持的 KoBold Metals 等美資企業,如何在美國政府「華盛頓協議」的支持下,試圖挑戰中國在剛果長達數十年的礦業壟斷。這是一場「高科技 vs 叢林法則」的對決:美國試圖透過政治承諾與設立「戰略資產儲備 (SAR)」劃定保護區,以獲取關鍵的鋰、鈷資源;而中國則憑藉深耕多年的基建換資源模式穩紮穩打。然而,剛果的腐敗、武裝衝突與不透明體系,讓這場美資的豪賭充滿變數。這不僅是商業投資,更是國家戰略的延伸,若美國失敗,將證明交易式外交在複雜地緣政治中的脆弱性。 24:40 • 為少數贏家乾杯:股市回報高度集中的真相 這段內容將徹底擊碎你對「分散投資」的傳統認知。亞利桑那州立大學的研究顯示,過去近一百年來,美股創造的所有淨財富增長,竟然僅來自不到 3% 的超級贏家(如 Apple、Nvidia)。剩下的 97% 公司,其長期回報甚至不如國債,甚至有 36% 的公司股價至今仍低於 2007 年水平(如花旗、Verizon)。這揭示了股市運作的殘酷「冪次法則」:贏家通吃。因此,買入指數基金的真正目的,並非為了「避險」,而是為了確保你的投資籃子裡,絕對不會錯過那幾張能創造百倍回報的「頭獎彩票」。 33:50 • 加密貨幣的逆襲:華爾街在共和黨內的地位不保 金融權力的板塊正在悄然移動。本段落分析了加密貨幣產業如何透過巨額政治獻金與「反建制、去中心化」的敘事,成功打入共和黨核心,挑戰傳統銀行業的政治地位。雙方的核心戰場在於「穩定幣」與「銀行執照」:加密業者試圖繞過銀行,直接向用戶支付利息並獲得資產託管權,這直接威脅了銀行的存款根基與支付壟斷。這場鬥爭甚至讓銀行業不得不與民主黨結盟,形成了諷刺的政治畫面。這預示著未來金融體系可能面臨分裂:受嚴格監管的傳統銀行體系,與遊走於灰色地帶的平行加密體系,兩者的博弈將決定未來的金融規則。 44:32 • 別急著喊「無子化」:美國女性生育率的數據迷思 媒體上關於「人口崩潰」的標題可能誤導了大眾。本段落透過數據拆解了一個關鍵迷思:我們常看的「總和生育率 (TFR)」之所以急劇下降至 1.6,主要是因為統計方法對女性「延遲生育」過於敏感,產生了暫時性的數據假象。實際上,衡量女性終生生育數量的「完結生育率 (CFR)」在過去二十年不僅未跌,反而微幅上升至 1.97。現代女性並非「不生」,而是「晚生」,並在 30 多歲時趕上進度。這段內容用「蜥蜴星球」的寓言生動解釋了節奏 (Tempo) 與總量 (Quantum) 的差異,提醒我們不必對人口問題過度恐慌,真正的挑戰在於社會如何適應這種生育時間的推移。 #經濟學人 , #economistpoint , #economist

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