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Support me on Patreon: patreon.com/RationalThinker In 1887, physicists Albert Michelson and Edward Morley discovered a new phenomenon that would come to be known as the fine structure of spectral lines. These spectral lines split into two or more components, and other effects like the Zeeman and Stark effects also showed cases where spectral lines split. The quest to answer why this happened took almost 40 years and would end with the discovery of a new characteristic of an electron known as "spin". Keywords for search: Samuel Goudsmit, George Uhlenbeck, Paul Ehrenfest, Ralph Kronig, LLewellyn Thomas, Wolfgang Pauli, Albert Einstein, Niels Bohr, Arthur Compton, Harold Urey, Earle Kennard, electron spin, quantum mechanics, relativity, thomas precession, pauli exclusion principle, principal quantum number, azimuthal, magnetic moment, lande, g factor, physics, science history