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Research reference links - https://docs.google.com/document/d/1KdutRm8KOz9-tMN4JBIsX3pwJajRonwRMsaruVXXf4M/edit?usp=drivesdk Loved this video? Then you'd guaranteed love my videos on here too - https://www.youtube.com/@GetSetFly Don't miss 'em, they'd catapult your knowledge! Join us on SPOTIFY: https://spotify.openinapp.co/i7q79 Follow me on X → https://x.com/gauravzthakur Follow me on Instagram → https://instagram.com/gauravzthakur -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- During World War II, Major General Cawthorn served as the British Intelligence Head for Europe. After Pakistan's defeat in the 1948 Indo-Pak war, he was instrumental in founding the ISI and even served as its chief for nearly eight years. Similarly, Pakistan strategically appointed Ross McKay, a former British Australian Army head, as its Chief of Army Staff—both leaders had decades of extensive experience. In the early days, ISI had around 10,000 officials, including 384 British officers who provided advanced training in psychological intelligence tactics such as espionage and joint military operations. Even today, British intelligence agencies MI5 and MI6 continue to train Pakistani forces in the UK, as per a 2021 report. Pakistan knew it couldn't confront a country four times its size like India alone, so it sought British assistance. Surprisingly, at one point, ISI's network was so strong that elite intelligence agencies from 18 countries collaborated with it to counter RAW. While ISI wreaked havoc in India since 1948, India's intelligence agency, RAW, was established only on September 21, 1968—20 years later. RAW started with just 250 inexperienced officers, a meager budget of ₹5 lakh, and an abandoned theater as its office. Despite limited resources, RAW successfully outperformed ISI, contributing to India's victories in the 1971, 1984, and 1999 wars. Watch one of the most secretive and covert wars in the History of World - ISI vs RAW : Complete History of Rivalry.