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PATREON: https://www.patreon.com/samaronow BOOK: https://amzn.to/3dIsHvz MERCH: https://www.redbubble.com/people/samaronow TIPS: https://www.paypal.me/samaronow Sources: Dr. Henry Abramson (YouTube) "Who Was Doña Gracia Nasi? Jewish History as Biography" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=i8nrvAyiXkI Uriel da Costa Exemplar Humanae Vitae Courtesy San Jose State University https://pdp.sjsu.edu/people/victoria.harrison/courses/JWSS111/s1/Acosta-memoir.pdf CrashCourse (YouTube) "Cartesian Skepticism - Neo, Meet René: CrashCourse Philosophy #5" https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MLKrmw906TM François Soyer "King Manuel I and the expulsion of the Castilian Conversos and Muslims from Portugal in 1497: new perspectives" University of Southampton http://www.catedra-alberto-benveniste.org/_fich/15/Francois_Soyer_(1).pdf Bento de Spinoza Theological-Political Treatise https://www.earlymoderntexts.com/assets/pdfs/spinoza1669.pdf 0:00 The Portuguese Resistance 3:40 Gracia Mendes Nasi 5:55 The Dutch Revolt 9:20 Uriel da Costa 13:28 The Reopening of Western Europe 16:48 Spinoza 24:20 The Paradox of Chosenness 27:09 The Birth of Secular Judaism