Warum du weniger weißt, als du glaubst: Der Dunning-Kruger-Effekt | SWR-Wissen

SWR Wissen August 6, 2025
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🧬Spannende Wissenschaft, verständlich erklärt! Wir beleuchten Themen aus der Wissenschafts-Perspektive. Hier erwarten euch Storys und Recherchen zu Psychologie, Klima und vielem mehr. Wir liefern Hintergründe und ordnen ein, damit ihr euch selbst eine Meinung bilden könnt.

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🧠Der Dunning-Kruger-Effekt besagt: Wer wenig weiß, läuft Gefahr, sein Wissen viel zu hoch einzuschätzen – und vertritt seine Meinung deshalb mit großer Selbstüberzeugung. Wer mehr weiß, fängt an zu zweifeln und wird unsicher. Und deshalb still. Das haben die beiden Psychologen Dunning und Kruger Anfang der 1990er-Jahre festgestellt. Die Erkenntnisse aus der Studie beschäftigen die Wissenschaft bis heute. 🏔️ Auf dem Weg zu Expertise wandern wir vom Mount Stupid durch das Tal der Verzweiflung. Beides verzerrt unsere Wahrnehmung und unsere Selbsteinschätzung. Frank Seibert hat sich mit dem Phänomen des „Dunning-Kruger-Effekts“ beschäftigt. Und hat herausgefunden, wie wir hineingeraten und wieder herauskommen – und an welchem Satz man Expertise erkennt. Moderation: Frank Seibert Autor: Christoph Ries Kamera: Moritz Frisch Ton: Dave Powell Schnitt: Fabian Brokmeier Grafik: Claudio Como Produktionsleitung: Isabell Wasmuth Redaktion Bilderfest: Alexandra Seegerer Redaktion SWR: Stefan Busse Leitung SWR: Stefan Busse Eine Produktion von Bilderfest. © SWR 2025 📂 Kapitelmarken 📂 00:00 Stau an der Ampel: Alles Schnarchnasen außer dir? 01:19 Leute, die die vermeintlich einzig richtige Lösung kennen 01:53 Dunning Kruger: Was ich anfangs erwartete 02:38 Dunning Kruger: Was tatsächlich beim Experiment herauskam 03:35 Der Mount Stupid: Wenig Ahnung, viel Überzeugung 03:57 Im Tal der Verzweiflung: Oh Gott, ist das alles kompliziert 04:30 Kann uns Expertise retten? 05:20 Das Problem mit dem Expertenwissen 06:00 Exkurs: Lord Kelvin und sein Missverständnis 06:57 Was jetzt? Liegen wir alle falsch? 07:23 Wie kommen wir aus dem Dilemma? Meta-Kognition! 08:08 Wie die Wissenschaft mit dem Dunning-Kruger-Dilemma umgeht. 08:56 Endcard 🔎📄 Unsere Quellen 📄🔍 📝 Dunning, D. & Kruger, J. (2000) Unskilled and Unaware of It: How Difficulties in Recognizing One's Own Incompetence Lead to Inflated Self-Assessments, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 📝 Rapeli, L. (2023) Illusion of knowledge: is the Dunning-Kruger effect in political sophistication more widespread than before?, Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties 📝 Rahmani, M. (2020) Medical Trainees and the Dunning–Kruger Effect: When They Don’t Know What They Don’t Know, Journal of Graduate Medical Education 📝 Atir, S. et al (2024) Does Expertise Protect Against Overclaiming False Knowledge?, Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 📝 Han, Y. & Dunning, D. (2024) Metaknowledge of Experts Versus Nonexperts: Do Experts Know Better What They Do and Do Not Know?, Journal of Behavioral Decision Making 📝 Langenbach, J. (2007) Kelvin, Perry und das Alter der Erde, diepresse.com 📝 England, P. (2007) John Perry's neglected critique of Kelvin's age for the Earth: A missed opportunity in geodynamics, GSA Today 📝 Fischer, H. et al. (2019) The accuracy of German citizens’ confidence in their climate change knowledge, Nature 📝 Gignac, G. et al. (2020) The Dunning-Kruger effect is (mostly) a statistical artefact: Valid approaches to testing the hypothesis with individual differences data, Intelligence 📝 Fischer, H. & Fleming S. (2024) Why metacognition matters in politically contested domains, Trends in Cognitive Sciences Dr. Helen Fischer (Leibniz-Institut für Wissensmedien, Interview, 12. März 2025) 🔬👨‍🔬 Willkommen bei SWR Wissen 👩‍🔬🔬 Mitreißende Geschichten und spannende Wissenschaft – hier findet ihr die Themen, die aktuell diskutiert werden. Direkt aus dem Leben. Wir liefern Hintergründe und ordnen ein - gut recherchiert und frei von Ideologie. Damit ihr euch selbst eine Meinung bilden könnt. Wir freuen uns über den Austausch mit euch und auf eine sachliche Diskussion. Das funktioniert am besten durch einen respektvollen Umgang miteinander.  📖 Unsere Netiquette: https://www.swr.de/netiquette 🧪 Mehr Wissen in der Mediathek: https://ardmediathek.de/wissen ❤️ SWR Wissen: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCoVxi4FUUcO5Jyx1EtpERZw 📝 Impressum: https://www.swr.de/impressum/ 🔏 https://www.swr.de/datenschutz  _____ #SWRWissen #DunningKrugerEffekt #Psychologie #Metakognition

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