李世默:美国主导的时代已经终结

Caleb Chan 中文频道 March 3, 2026
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全球化创造了巨大的财富——但这些财富并没有被平均分配。在这场引人深思的讨论中,李世默对比了中国与美国的发展轨迹,揭示了他所认为的全球时代的核心矛盾。两国都从贸易与融合中获益匪浅,国内生产总值(GDP)都大幅增长。然而,中国的收入中位数随着国家产出的提升而成倍增长,而美国在总体经济显著扩张的同时,收入中位数却长期停滞。财富被创造出来了——但它更多地向上流动。其政治后果如今已在西方社会显现:民粹主义情绪上升、对精英阶层的不信任加剧,以及社会分裂日益加深。 李世默认为,这种分化具有结构性原因。中国拥抱全球市场,但拒绝将自由全球主义作为意识形态。在北京所称的“中国特色社会主义”框架下,资本得以存在并繁荣发展——但它始终从属于政治权力。李世默指出,在资本主义体系中,资本会成为一种相对独立的力量,甚至能够塑造国家的命运;而在中国体制中,政治权力为资本划定边界,财富无法逾越。这一差异,在他看来,解释了为何中国能够将全球化转化为广泛的收入增长,而许多西方社会却经历了产业空心化与经济安全感的下降。 随着贸易战升级、经济“脱钩”的讨论愈发激烈,李世默将当下时刻定义为历史上前所未有的阶段:作为自由国际秩序的缔造者,美国似乎愿意拆解自己一手建立的体系。曾经被认为将长期延续的西方主导、以规则为基础的国际秩序,如今正逐渐褪色。取而代之的,是一个更加竞争激烈、更加碎片化的时代,其特征不再是软性共识,而是更强调硬实力。 在李世默的叙述中,中国提出的并非孤立主义,而是另一种形式的全球化。通过以基础设施建设为主导的倡议,北京试图在尊重国家主权的前提下,扩大实体与数字层面的互联互通。各国可以自由重新谈判、调整安排,并按照自身条件推进发展。其目标是在没有意识形态强加的情况下实现相互依存。 西方主导的全球主义时代正让位于一个多极竞争体系并存的世界。在关税与制裁的表象之下,是一场更深层次的博弈:谁来掌控资本,如何分配繁荣,以及主权能否与全球融合并存。全球化的下一篇章,不再仅由普遍规则所界定,而将取决于哪些制度模式能够为普通民众带来稳定、尊严与增长。 开启通知,及时获取最新内容!🔔🔔🔔

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