KBS 한국사전 – 일본의 비불로 환생하다, 백제 성왕 / KBS 20081004 방송

KBS 히스토리 June 21, 2021
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KBS 히스토리

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'KBS 히스토리'는 KBS에서 방송된 모든 역사 콘텐츠를 모아놓은 KBS의 공식 채널입니다. 2018년 12월 채널명 'KBS 역사 한방'으로 출발, 'KBS 역사저널 그날'을 거쳐 2025년 12월 8일 'KBS 히스토리'로 명칭을 변경했습니다.

Video Description

- 백제성왕, 일본에서 환생하다 일본 3대 사찰 중 하나인 선광사에는 일본 최초의 불상, 아미타여래불이 있다. 선광사 본당의 문이 열리는 것은 7년에 한 번뿐인데 이 순간을 보기 위해 700만 여명이 숨죽이고 기다린다. 미처 본당에 들어가지도 못하고 비불을 못 보는 사람들도 있다. 그런 사람들은 본당 기둥이라도 만지며 한 바퀴 도는 것으로 대신한다. 이것만으로도 극락왕생할 수 있다고 믿는 것이다. ‘선광사여래연기’에 낯익은 이름 백제 성왕이 나온다. 선광사 아미타여래불은 바로 백제성왕이 전해준 일본 최초의 불상이다. 일본 최초로 유네스코 세계문화유산으로 등록된 법륭사 몽전은 일 년 단 두 차례만 개방되는 성역. 이 안에 모셔진 불상이 ‘구세관음상’은 일본에서 세상을 구원하는 신불로 알려진 불상이다. 그 불상은 특이하게도 사람의 형상을 하고 있다. 위덕왕이 아버지 성왕을 연모하여 성왕의 있는 모습을 그대로 만든 불상이 바로 구세관음이다. 왜 그는 아직까지도 일본의 신불로 추앙받는가? - 일본에 친(親)백제계 정권을 세우고 고구려 공격을 계획하다 백제 도래인의 후손, 소가노! 멧돼지의 목을 자르듯이 치고 싶을 정도로 스순천황이 미워한 사람이 바로 소가노 우마꼬였다. 그 말은 소가노의 귀에 들어가게 되었고 얼마 후 스순천황은 살해당한다. 그가 천황을 위협할 정도의 일본의 막강한 지배세력으로 성장할 수 있었던 배경에는 ‘백제 성왕’의 지원이 있었다. 성왕이 왜에 불상과 불경을 처음으로 전한 것은 538년. 소가노는 자신의 저택을 깨끗하게 청소하고 불상을 모신 뒤 절로 삼았다. ‘비조사에서 백제에서 온 사리를 맞이하기 위해 쇼토쿠 태자가 소가노의 행렬을 매번 간절히 기다렸다’는 부상략기의 기록이 있다. 이는 소가노가 왜국의 실세로 등장했음을 의미하는 것이다. 이리하여 성왕은 551년 왜, 신라, 가야, 백제 연합군을 형성하고 고구려 공격을 위한 모든 준비를 완료한다. 신라의 배신, 2년 간의 단꿈 끝나다 551년 성왕은 마침내 대고구려전에서 승리하고 잃어버린 백제의 영토, 한강 유역을 직접 밟았다. ‘일본서기’에는 성왕의 연합군이 마침내 평양성을 함락시키자 고구려왕이 궁궐 담을 넘어 도망갔다고 기록되어 있다. ‘삼국사기’ 신라 거칠부 열전에도 백제군이 평양성을 먼저 공격했다고 나와 있다. 백제 성왕은 근초고왕 이후로 평양까지 진격한 최초의 왕이 되었다. 그러나 553년, 신라가 한강을 탈취하게 된다. 성왕이 주도한 대고구려 전투에 참여한 신라는 불과 2년 뒤, 백제에 편입된 한강 하류까지 기습적으로 점령한다. - 죽어서도 두려운 존재, 백제성왕 신라와의 전면전, 그러나 예기치 못한 신라군의 기습공격으로 성왕은 순식간에 신라군에게 포위된다. 일본서기에는 성왕이 신라 노비 출신의 장수의 손에 최후를 맞이하는 순간이 비장하게 기록되어 있다. 또한 신라군이 성왕의 머리를 경주의 북청계단 아래 묻고 밟고 다녔다고 적혀있다. 즉 죽은 성왕의 혼을 밟아 묶는다는 의미이다. 일본 천황은 백제의 복수를 위해 군사를 파견했고, 소가노는 조시를 지어 성왕의 죽음 앞에 바쳤다. 잃어버린 백제의 북방영토를 되찾기 위해 일생을 달려왔던 성왕의 꿈. 세상을 구원하는 일본의 신불로 모셔진 ‘구세관음상’에는 성왕의 그 비장한 꿈이 담겨 있었다. 한국사전 58회 – 일본의 비불로 환생하다, 백제 성왕 (2008.10.4.방송) http://history.kbs.co.kr/

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