Wie sich die Forschung irren kann | Quarks Dimension Ralph

Quarks Dimension Ralph May 27, 2025
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Quarks Dimension Ralph

@dimensionralph

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Herzlich willkommen bei „Quarks Dimension Ralph", dem Kanal von Quarks, in dem Ralph Caspers euch an die Grenzen der Wissenschaft mitnimmt! Schön, dass ihr hier gelandet seid! Aber war das euer freier Wille? Oder ist das, was ihr als freien Willen wahrnehmt vielleicht nur eine Illusion? Bei „Quarks Dimension Ralph“ geht es um echt komplizierte Fragen – von den Rätseln unseres Gehirns bis zu den Geheimnissen des Universums. Uns, und hoffentlich euch auch, macht es Spaß, über solche Fragen nachzudenken. Wir recherchieren gründlich, erzählen, wie Wissenschaftler:innen mit verblüffenden Experimenten nach Antworten suchen und ordnen die Ergebnisse ein. Auch wenn es für viele Fragen keine eindeutige Antwort gibt, liefern unsere Videos jede Menge Erkenntnisse mit Mindblow-Garantie. Impressum: https://www1.wdr.de/impressum/index.html Datenrichtlinie: https://www1.wdr.de/hilfe/datenschutz102.html Netiquette: https://www1.wdr.de/hilfe/kommentarregeln100.html

Video Description

Viele Studien liefern überraschende Erkenntnisse – stellen sich später aber als falsch heraus: Sie lassen sich nicht reproduzieren, zeigen Korrelationen statt Kausalitäten oder sind durch Verzerrungen (Bias) beeinflusst. Doch woran erkennst du gute Studien wirklich? Ein wichtiger Punkt: Zwischen Korrelation und Kausalität muss unterschieden werden. Nur weil zwei Dinge gleichzeitig auftreten (Korrelation; z. B. Weintrinken und eine gute Herzgesundheit), heißt das nicht, dass das eine die Ursache des anderen ist (Kausalität). Das sogenannte französische Paradox mit dem „gesunden Glas Rotwein“ beruht genau auf diesem Trugschluss. Es kann weitere, verdeckte Faktoren geben, die dort wirken – wie beispielsweise Wohlstand oder Ernährung. Ein anderes Problem – besonders in der psychologischen Forschung – ist, dass viele Studienergebnisse nicht reproduzierbar sind: Nur etwa ein Drittel der Wiederholungsstudien kommt zum gleichen Ergebnis wie die Originalstudie. Dieses Phänomen wird als Replikationskrise bezeichnet. So galt der berühmte Marshmallow-Test bei Kindern jahrzehntelang als Beleg für die langfristige Bedeutung von Selbstkontrolle bei Kindern. Inzwischen ist klar: Die Aussagekraft über die Zukunft der Kinder wurde stark überschätzt. Aber wie erkennt man gute wissenschaftliche Studien? Es gibt klare Kriterien: An erster Stelle steht die kontrollierte, randomisierte, doppelblinde Studie als Goldstandard. Auch die statistische Signifikanz und das Peer-Review-Verfahren sind entscheidend. Was das genau bedeutet, erklärt euch Ralph im Video. Doch reicht das aus, um wissenschaftlichen Studienergebnissen vertrauen zu können? *Kapitel* 0:00 Können wir der Forschung trauen? 0:53 Flat Earthler: Ist die Erde eine Scheibe? 1:41 Wissenschaftliche Methodik: von Hypothesen zu Theorien 2:38 Ist Rotwein gesund? Das französische Paradox 3:59 Korrelation und Kausalität: Lustige Beispiele aus der Forschung 5:01 Falsche Studienergebnisse: Korrelation ist nicht Kausalität 5:58 Bias und Rechenfehler 6:47 Fail? Das Marshmallow-Experiment zur Selbstkontrolle von Kindern 8:21 Replikationskrise der Psychologie: Wenn das Forschungsergebnis bei einer Wiederholungsstudie nicht bestätigt werden kann 8:54 Probanden für Studien: Größe und Auswahl der Versuchsgruppe 9:12 Gütekriterien: die kontrollierte, randomisierte, doppelblinde Studie als Goldstandard 9:54 Signifikanz und Peer-Review Autoren: Johannes Polotzek, Ralph Caspers Schnitt und Grafik: Anna Gold, Alfred Rehbach Sounddesign: Florian Ebrecht Redaktion: Nasibah Sfar *Linktipps* quarks.de: So durchschaust du jede Statistik https://www.quarks.de/gesellschaft/statistik/ Liste der „verbotenen“ Wörter: These Words Are Disappearing in the New Trump Administration https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2025/03/07/us/trump-federal-agencies-websites-words-dei.html Quarks @DimensionRalph : Diese Lücken hat unsere Wissenschaft https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iyoxj9Po9SI *Unsere wichtigsten Quellen* An estimate of the science-wise false discovery rate and application to the top medical literature; in: Biostatistics, 2014 Abstract: https://academic.oup.com/biostatistics/article-abstract/15/1/1/244509 Why most published research findings are false; in: PLOS Medicine, 2005 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1182327/ Serge Renaud, Michel de Lorgeril: Wine, alcohol, platelets, and the French paradox for coronary heart disease; in: The Lancet, 1992 https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PII0140-6736(92)91277-F/fulltext Is low-level alcohol consumption really health-protective? A critical review of approaches to promote causal inference and recent applications; in: Alcohol: Clinical and Experimental Research, 2024 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/acer.15299 Delay of gratification and adult outcomes: The Marshmallow Test does not reliably predict adult functioning; in: Child Development, 2024 Abstract: https://srcd.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/cdev.14129 Open Science Collaboration: Estimating the reproducibility of psychological science; in: Science, 2015 ► https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.aac4716 ► PDF: https://research.tilburguniversity.edu/files/8581745/RPP_postprint.pdf Randomized Controlled Trials; in: Chest, 2020 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8176647/ Statistik für Journalist:innen: Grundlagen und Praxis; Julia Lück-Benz, 2022 (ISBN: 9783825253400) Leseprobe: https://books.google.de/books?id=dCBZEAAAQBAJ Numerical simulation of flow field around a cow using 3-D body-fitted coordinate system; in: Journal of Thermal Biology, 2001 Abstract: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0306456500000516 Hat dir das Video gefallen? Dann abonniere jetzt unseren Quarks-Kanal mit Ralph Caspers @DimensionRalph auf YouTube! Und hier findest du – auch von Quarks – unser Studio Q: @Quarks @wdr #bias #scientific #research #korrelation #wissenschaft

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