農業革命是史上最大騙局?《人類大歷史》| 天下文化Podcast 讀本郝書 EP11

天下文化 December 24, 2024
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在這一集的Podcast中,主持人郝旭烈 郝哥介紹了尤瓦爾·哈拉瑞的著作《人類大歷史:從野獸到扮演上帝》。這本書用簡潔清晰的語言,讓讀者了解人類的崛起和發展,並探索其中的關鍵和遺憾。 這本書的核心內容分為三大階段:認知革命、農業革命和科學革命。哈拉瑞認為,人類之所以能脫穎而出,是因為7萬年前的認知革命讓我們與其他物種不同。我們的語言不僅限於描述眼前的現實,還能創造出虛構的概念,比如宗教和神靈,這讓人類形成了集體想像和共同體,從而更好地協作與發展。 農業革命,發生在約1.2萬年前,改變了人類的生活方式。人類不再是游牧的採集者,而是開始定居,馴化動物和植物。赫拉利以小麥為例,提出了一個有趣的觀點:表面上看似人類馴化了小麥,實際上是小麥馴化了人類。 為了種植小麥,人類被迫改變生活方式,照顧作物的生長需求,甚至限制了自己的活動範圍,逐漸陷入了「奢侈的陷阱」,這使得人類的需求越來越多,幸福感卻逐漸下降。 在談到科學革命時,哈拉瑞在書中提到,這場革命大約發生在500年前,徹底改變了人類的社會結構和文化。科學革命推動了技術的發展,並深刻影響了現代社會的運作方式,讓我們開始質疑以前的信念,並以更理性和實驗的方法來探索世界。 郝哥進一步反思了這些變革對人類的影響,尤其是幸福感的減少。隨著生產力的提升,人類的需求也隨之增長,這讓我們陷入了一種矛盾的狀態:我們擁有更多物質,但內心卻不見得更加滿足。 這反映出哈拉瑞在書中提到的「未來的期待」:當人類開始種植和養殖時,我們不再僅僅享受當下,而是開始為未來焦慮,擔心作物是否能順利收成,擔心生活是否能持續改善。 這本書通過敘述人類從認知革命、農業革命到科學革命的歷程,幫助讀者深入理解人類歷史的發展,並提供了一個重新審視我們現代生活的角度。希望這一集節目對大家看待歷史有新的啟發。 也可以搜尋哈拉瑞2024年的最新巨作《連結:從石器時代到AI紀元》一起思考現在與未來,AI將會做什麼? ▍導讀書籍 《人類大歷史》 ▍重點摘要 1、故事的力量:故事比起理論更能吸引讀者。人類天生更容易被故事吸引,這讓歷史的傳達更加有趣和容易理解。 2、認知革命的意義:認知革命使人類能夠進行集體想像,這是人類與其他動物的根本區別。人類能創造看不見的概念,如宗教、國家等,這促使大型社會組織的形成。 3、農業革命的反轉視角:哈拉瑞指出,農業革命並非簡單的進步,而是一種雙向的關係。小麥馴化了人類,讓人類投入大量勞動以換取農作物,最終改變了生活方式和幸福感。 4、生產力與幸福感的矛盾:農業革命提高了人類的生產力,但卻不一定增加幸福感。隨著社會的發展,人們在分享資源上遇到更多挑戰,幸福感反而下降。 5、科學革命的深遠影響:科學革命是近代最重要的革命,它推動了知識的進步,改變了人類對世界的理解,也徹底轉變了人類的生活方式和文明的進程。 – 🌟歡迎給我們五星好評,讓更多人知道我們在這裡 👇關注《天下文化》更多的社群: IG: https://www.instagram.com/bookzone_books/ YT: https://www.youtube.com/@cwgv FB: https://www.facebook.com/bookzone.fans LINE: https://line.me/R/ti/p/@cqm7978k

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