Casse du siècle au Liban | Documentaire | ARTE

ARTE August 11, 2025
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Documentaire disponible en rediffusion jusqu'au 04/01/2026 Depuis 2019, le Liban affronte une crise économique et financière sans précédent. Cet état des lieux dense et alerte, nourri de témoignages très divers, montre comment une poignée de dirigeants a organisé ce qui constitue sans doute le plus gros détournement d’argent de l’histoire.   Depuis le début de la crise, à l'automne 2019, la livre libanaise a perdu 98 % de sa valeur face au dollar, l’inflation atteint des niveaux record et la grande majorité des habitants, privés d’accès à leurs comptes bancaires, à l’exception de retraits limités et surfacturés, s’enfoncent dans la pauvreté. Comment le Liban, autrefois surnommé "la Suisse du Moyen-Orient", a-t-il pu tomber si bas ? C’est dans le chaos de la guerre civile (1975-1990) qu’ont émergé les principaux dirigeants du pays, anciens chefs de milices propulsés leaders politiques à la faveur d’une loi d’amnistie : les chiites Nabih Berri et Hassan Nasrallah (à la tête du Hezbollah), le représentant de la minorité druze Walid Joumblatt, les chrétiens Michel Aoun et Samir Geagea, auxquels s’ajoute le milliardaire sunnite Rafiq Hariri, artisan de la reconstruction de Beyrouth, nommé Premier ministre en 1992. Pendant trois décennies, avec la complicité du système bancaire, cette caste dirigeante a joué avec les économies du peuple et pillé impudemment le pays. Bousculée par le soulèvement populaire d'octobre 2019, qui a vu un million de Libanais de toutes confessions descendre dans la rue, puis par l’explosion du port de Beyrouth le 4 août 2020, l’élite politique est parvenue à se maintenir au pouvoir en attisant une fois encore la peur de l'autre. Et les réformes exigées par la communauté internationale – pourtant prête à aider cet État stratégique pour la stabilité au Moyen-Orient – pour en finir avec la corruption endémique n’ont pas été engagées. Kleptocratie   Remontant le fil de l’histoire et de l’argent en compagnie d’analystes passionnants (historienne, journalistes, économiste, avocat fiscaliste, professeure de droit…), ce documentaire instructif et enlevé raconte comment le pays du Cèdre, paradis fiscal ultralibéral dans les décennies suivant son indépendance, en 1943, s’est mué en kleptocratie, alimentée par le confessionnalisme et le pouvoir des zaïms, les chefs communautaires et politiques. Le film suit en parallèle des habitants désespérés, qui donnent un aperçu concret des conséquences de l’effondrement de leurs services publics, sur fond de scandales financiers : les Libanais sont notamment otages d’une "mafia des générateurs" qui les rackette sans vergogne, l’entreprise d’État EDL étant incapable de leur fournir plus de quelques heures de courant par jour. Les dirigeants incriminés, eux, s’accrochent à leurs privilèges et rejettent toute responsabilité, à l’instar de l’ancien gouverneur de la Banque centrale Riad Salamé, accusé d’avoir monté une pyramide de Ponzi à l’échelle du pays. Interrogé ici, celui qui est visé par deux mandats d’arrêt internationaux émis par la France et l’Allemagne pour détournement de fonds et blanchiment d’argent affirme ainsi avoir agi "pour l’intérêt du pays" dans un sidérant plaidoyer pro domo... Casse du siècle au Liban Documentaire de Sylvain Lepetit et Miyuki Droz Aramaki (France, 2024, 1h35mn) #liban #documentaire #arte Abonnez-vous à la chaîne ARTE https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCwI-JbGNsojunnHbFAc0M4Q/?sub_confirmation=1 Suivez-nous sur les réseaux ! Facebook : http://www.facebook.com/artetv Twitter : http://www.twitter.com/artefr Instagram : https://www.instagram.com/artefr

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