اثبات ولادت امام زمان (عجل الله تعالى فرجه الشريف)
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اثبات ولادت امام زمان (ع) به طور کلّی از دو طریق ممکن است: روش سندی و روش جمع قرائن. در شیوۀ «وثاقت سندی» – که آیت الله خویی (ره) از مدافعان بزرگ و برجستۀ آن به شمار می رود – برای اثبات ولادت، صرفاً از احادیث صحیح استفاده می شود؛ یعنی اگر خبر صحیح السندی در این زمینه یافت شد، می توان مدّعای خود را اثبات کرد، اما اگر روایات این موضوع ضعیف بودند، دیگر نمی توان به آنها استناد و احتجاج کرد. و اما در روش «وثاقت صدوری» و نظریۀ جمع قرائن، سند فقط یکی از قرائن اثبات صدور روایت از اهل بیت (ع) محسوب می شود نه اینکه تنها ملاک اخذ یا طرد روایات قلمداد شود. در شیوۀ جمع قرائن حتی اگر روایتی ضعیف هم باشد، با اتّکاء به سایر قرائن از جمله کثرت طرق، عمل اصحاب و غیره می توان آن را معتبر دانست و از آن در تبیین و دفاع از دیدگاه خود بهره برد. آیت الله حیدری ضمن نقد شیوۀ سندیِ صرف و ناکارآمد دانستن آن در احتجاج و مناظره، مبنای دوّم را قوی تر و مفید تر تشخیص داده و بر اساس آن به اثبات ولادت امام زمان (ع) پرداخته است. علامه حیدری در این بحث خبر واحد صحیحی را از کتاب کافی نقل نموده و از باب جدال أحسن، آن را طبق مبانی رجالی و حدیثی خود بزرگان اهل سنت - به ویژه ابن تیمیه و البانی – از طریق سایر روایات موجود در این باب تقویت کرده، به درجۀ اعتبار و قطعیت رسانده و نهایتاً مدعای خود را اثبات نموده است. فایل تصویری پیش رو، یکی از حلقات دروس خارج امامت معظم له است که در اردیبهشت سال 1395 ارائه شده است.
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