الكهرباء.. كيف اكتشفت وما المراحل التي مرت بها؟

أرقام - Argaam April 19, 2021
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قبل معرفة الكهرباء كان الناس على دراية بالصدمات التي يحدثها سمك الرعاد. قدماء المصريين في نصوصهم التي يرجع تاريخها إلى 2750 قبل الميلاد أشاروا إلى هذه الأسماك ووصفوها بأنها حامية جميع الأسماك. وفي عام 600 قبل الميلاد توصل العالم والفيلسوف الإغريقي طاليس إلى أن احتكاك مادة الكهرمان يحولها لمادة مغناطيسية تجذب الأشياء الخفيفة مثل الريش. إلا أن الصدمات الكهربائية وجاذبية الكهرمان وظاهرة البرق ظلت آلاف السنين دون تفسير. حتى عام 1752 ميلاديا عندما حاول العالم والمخترع الأمريكي بنجامين فرانكلين أن يثبت أن البرق عبارة عن كهرباء، فأطلق طائرة ورقية بحبل رطب ربط به مفتاحا معدنيا. وعندما أصاب البرق الطائرة انتقلت الشحنة إلى المفتاح الذي خرجت منه شرارات، كما أحس بنجامين بالصعقة الكهربائية في يده. وفي عام 1786 ساهم البروفسيور الألماني الطبيب لويجي جالفاني عن طريق الخطأ في اكتشاف مبدأ عمل البطارية الكهربائية إذ لاحظ نفور رجل الضفدع الذي يقوم بتشريحه عندما يضع سكينه عليها فظن أن الكهرباء مخزنة في عضلات الضفدع. ليأتي عام 1792 ميلاديا ويثبت العالم الإيطالي أليساندرو فولتا أن الطبيب لويجي جالفاني كان على خطأ وأن الكهرباء تكونت بسبب وجود الرطوبة بين السكين والصفيحة القصديرية التي كان الضفدع ممددا عليها. ليقوم فولتا باختراع أول بطارية في العالم, والتي صنعها من مجموعة من صفائح الزنك والنحاس المفصولة بألواح كرتونية مرطبة. بعد ذلك قام علماء كثيرون بتفسير ظاهرة التأثير الكهربائي والمغناطيسي، منهم العالم هانز كريستيان أورستد الذي اكتشف أن إبرة البوصلة المغناطيسية تتحرك بفعل تيار كهربائي مجاور، وكان ذلك في عام 1820 . وبنفس العام قام عالم الرياضيات الفرنسي أندريه أمبير بتفسير العلاقة بين الكهرباء والمغناطيسية، ووجد أنه في حالة تدفق تيار كهربائي في نفس الاتجاه في سلكين متوازيين قريبين، تجذب الأسلاك بعضها بعضا وعندما تسير التيارات الكهربائية في اتجاهين متعاكسين فإن الأسلاك تتنافر، وسمي هذا بنظرية الديناميكا الكهربائية، لذلك سميت وحدة قياس شدة التيار بالأمبير نسبة إليه. وفي عام 1827 قام العالم الألماني جورج أوم بتحليل الدائرة الكهربائية حسابيا وأطلق على وحدة قياس مقاومة التيار الكهربائي اسم "أوم" نسبة إليه. ليأتي عام 1831 ومعه اكتشاف العالم الإنجليزي مايكل فاراداي لتوليد الطاقة الكهربائية من خلال تحريك ملف نحاسي داخل مجال مغناطيسي، ومن هنا اكتشف المبدأ الأساسي ليومنا هذا لتوليد الطاقة الكهربائية باستخدام المجال المغناطيسي والذي يقوم عليه مبدأ عمل المولد الكهربائي. ثم أنشأ أديسون في عام 1882 أول محطة كهربائية لتوليد الكهرباء بنظام التيار المستمر تقع في نيويورك. وفي عام 1887 طور المخترع الصربي الأمريكي نيكولا تيسلا محركا يعمل بنظام التيار المتردد لنقل الكهرباء لمسافات أطول من التيار المستمر الخاص بأديسون وبتكلفة أقل. وفي عام 1888 حصل المخترع الأمريكي جورج وستنجهاوس على حقوق استغلال نظام التيار المتردد وعمل على تطويره وبناء شبكة تيار متردد عملية، واستخدمه لأول مرة في إضاءة معرض شيكاغو العالمي في عام 1893

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