【精選】司馬懿早就識破「諸葛亮空城計」但故意撤兵?!怕功高震主「惹來殺身之禍」?!| @57History #現代啟示錄
現代啟示錄
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《現代啟示錄》 現代啟示錄,帶您看見台灣新思路。 介紹古往今來,中外歴史上發生的大事,透過學者專家的講解,學習前人成功的經驗之道! 主持人|張印佳 網路版|每週二19:00頻道更新 電視版|週日22:00敬請鎖定 東森財經57頻道《現代啟示錄》 Podcast|SoundOn : https://reurl.cc/RbjAZg Google Podcasts : https://reurl.cc/bnkMv3 Apple Podcasts : https://reurl.cc/82WQEy 《現代啟示錄》由東森電視事業股份有限公司製作,並於「東森財經新聞台」播送。
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時間回到,諸葛亮第一次北伐之前,當時的魏國一心盯著東吳,把大軍都放在兩國邊境,絲毫沒有把蜀漢放在眼裡。因為蜀漢自從夷陵兵敗,劉備去世,南中叛亂後,在魏國的眼中,實力非常弱小。也因此,魏國在與蜀漢交界的關中地區,軍備松馳。但其實只要他們動手,蜀漢可能就要滅亡了。於是,諸葛亮寫下了流傳千古的「前出師表」,上奏給後主 劉禪,說現在蜀漢正值「危急存亡之秋」。在西元228年,展開了第一次北伐,攻打曹魏。據說,當時的大將魏延,提出了一個很有名的計謀,也就是所謂的「子午谷奇謀」。在地圖上來看,如果想從漢中攻打關中地區,一共有五條路可以走,依序是 祁山道,或是翻越秦嶺 走陳倉古道、褒斜道、駱谷道,以及魏延所說的 子午谷道。子午谷奇謀,就是選擇 離長安最近的子午谷道,帶著精兵迅速穿越、抵達長安,殺得曹魏 措手不及。其實曹魏攻打蜀漢,也走過這幾條捷徑,似乎是一個相當合理的建議,可是卻被諸葛亮 給否決了,他反而 選擇繞路,走最遠的祁山道。 諸葛亮為什麼要這樣做呢?有人說,他是為了打壓魏延,真的是這樣嗎?還是有什麼 別的考量呢? 在小說「三國演義」中,司馬懿形容諸葛亮,說他平生謹慎,不曾弄險。所以 像「子午谷奇謀」,這種賭博式的計謀,他當然不會用。另外,還有一個理由,就是諸葛亮,這一次北伐的戰略目標,並不是要一舉拿下長安、殲滅魏國,畢竟兩國實力 差距懸殊,這太過不切實際。諸葛亮的想法是,先拿下隴右地區,有了這邊的物資和戰馬,再想拿下長安,甚至直攻洛陽,就很有可能成功。為此,他設計了一個,相當完整又大膽的戰略,諸葛亮會怎麼達成目標呢? 雖然大家都不看好馬謖,諸葛亮最後 還是派馬謖去守街亭,他其實也知道,馬謖沒有實戰經驗,不過這個任務,難度並不高。馬謖本人 也覺得易如反掌,他一到街亭,就把部隊帶到山上,準備衝鋒,沒想到張郃的先鋒部隊一來,先截斷水源,再圍住孤山,馬謖 這才知道,大勢已去。其實諸葛亮給馬謖的指令是,「當道下寨、據河死守」,拖延魏軍的進攻,只要一個月的時間,諸葛亮打算 完全拿下隴右五郡,這樣一來,即使曹魏大軍趕過來,誰輸誰贏還很難說。但為什麼,馬謖偏偏不聽話,要跑到山上去呢? 馬謖失街亭,導致諸葛亮的第一次北伐,白忙一場。諸葛亮要怎麼帶著大軍,撤回漢中呢? 諸葛亮因為馬謖失街亭,只得緊急撤軍。小說「三國演義」,把這段經過,描述得驚心動魄。當時,魏國大將司馬懿,率領十五萬大軍,追殺諸葛亮,可是當時諸葛亮身邊,大部分的軍隊,已經撤回漢中,諸葛亮無力抵抗,只得使出空城計。當然,這是一段虛構的故事,因為在歷史上,當年的司馬懿,人在宛城,根本不在街亭。但是這段故事,卻讓諸葛亮與司馬懿之間的頂尖對決,變得相當立體。為什麼司馬懿 始終無法,真正打敗諸葛亮呢? 諸葛亮成功把大軍撤回漢中後,逼不得已,揮淚斬馬謖,但其實 這也是小說情節,在真實歷史上,馬謖的下場,更為曲折。 「三國演義」第九十五回中的「空城計」橋段,把「一生唯謹慎」的諸葛孔明,在危急關頭 不得已而用險,司馬懿則是小心翼翼,唯恐 上當吃虧的反應,描寫得活靈活現。在傳統戲劇裡,「失街亭」、「空城計」以及「揮淚斬馬謖」,經常一起演出,合稱為「失空斬」。在歷史上,諸葛亮是真的把馬謖,當成乾兒子在疼愛,雖然他搞丟街亭,但是蜀漢大軍,還是成功撤回漢中,那為什麼諸葛亮,又非得殺了馬謖呢? 馬謖雖然熟讀兵書,最後卻是聰明反被聰明誤。 請鎖定每周日晚間22:00分,東森財經台--57頻道,《現代啟示錄》! #現代啟示錄 #三國 #諸葛亮 #馬謖 #劉備 #託孤 #失街亭 #空城計 #揮淚斬馬謖 #諸葛孔明 #司馬懿 #北伐 #蜀漢 #曹魏 #前出師表 #乾兒子 #失空斬 #三國演義
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