La historia de TAIWÁN | ¿Cómo nació su conflicto con China?

Raquel de la Morena April 20, 2025
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Raquel de la Morena

@raqueldelamorenaoficial

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Somos Raquel de la Morena y Pedro Estrada, periodistas y escritores. En nuestros vídeos os contaremos historias destinadas especialmente a mentes curiosas. Biografías, leyendas, misterios, curiosidades históricas y literarias... Si os apetece escucharlas y verlas, ¡sois bienvenid@s! Como escritores, somos autores de novelas de romance histórico ('El corazón de la banshee' y '¿Quién diablos eres?', obra ganadora del V Premio Titania), libros juveniles (como la novela-espejo 'La maldición de Trefoil House') y también infantil-juveniles (como la colección 'Vinlandia', publicada también en Francia por la editorial Hachette).

Video Description

¿Por qué China está tan interesada en anexionar Taiwán? ¿Y por qué Mao no la conquistó durante la guerra civil China, cuando el Kuomintang de Chiang Kai-shek se refugió en ella? ¿Por qué el nombre oficial de Taiwán es República de China? ¿Defenderá EE. UU. a Taiwán en caso de que China ataque la isla, dando comienzo tal vez a la Tercera Guerra Mundial? En este vídeo documental en español os contamos la historia de Taiwán completa para que conozcáis las raíces del actual problema que amenaza con desestabilizar el mundo. #taiwan #china #historia Recientemente, a principios de abril de 2025, China llevó a cabo en las aguas cercanas a Taiwán unos intensos ejercicios militares con fuego real de largo alcance. Según un portavoz del Ejército chino, se trataba de “una advertencia severa contra la independencia de Taiwán”; según investigadores taiwaneses del Instituto para la Defensa Nacional, aquellos ejercicios eran en realidad “una operación de preparación previa a la invasión”. ¿Será cierto? ¿Es posible que China invada Taiwán en breve, arriesgándose a una respuesta estadounidense que podría desembocar en una guerra mundial? ¿Y en qué se basan para reclamar aquella isla como un territorio propio? Para comprender bien las complejas relaciones actuales entre China y la isla de Taiwán, conviene que nos remontemos hasta su inicio. Porque, como se suele decir, conocer la historia es la mejor manera de comprender el presente. Durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial, Japón estableció en Taiwán un centro conjunto de planificación y logística para ayudar al avance de Japón hacia el sur. La isla sirvió como base para los ataques nipones sobre las islas Filipinas, que ocuparon en 1942. Cuando finalizó el conflicto bélico, las tropas japonesas presentes en China y Taiwán se rindieron al líder de la República de China, Chiang Kai-shek, líder del Ejército Nacional Revolucionario y del Partido Nacionalista Kuomintang. China, por cierto, se había convertido en república tras la revolución de 1911, que derrocó a la dinastía Qing y puso fin a la historia imperial china. Como decimos, los japoneses rindieron Taiwán y entregaron la administración de la isla a China. Y aquí comienza el origen de la polémica que perdura hasta nuestros días. Porque, a pesar de que, en noviembre de 1943, Franklin Roosevelt, Winston Churchill y Chiang Kai-shek proclamaron en la Conferencia de El Cairo que Taiwán –incluyendo las islas Penghu– debían regresar a la República de China, aquella declaración nunca fue firmada, por lo que no era legalmente vinculante. Y el 26 de octubre de 1945, cuando el gobierno de la República de China declaró que Taiwán se había convertido en una provincia más de su país, las potencias aliadas no quisieron reconocer aquella declaración unilateral. Entonces, ¿Taiwán pertenecía legalmente a China o no? Japón había renunciado al territorio. Y lo había dejado en manos de los chinos, pero... ¿bastaba con eso? En 1952, China y Japón firmaron el Tratado de Taipéi, que muchos consideran un respaldo legal a la reclamación china sobre la isla. Pero ese mismo año el primer ministro británico, Winston Churchill, afirmó que la Declaración de El Cairo había quedado obsoleta y que Taiwán no estaba bajo soberanía china. De hecho, incluso negó que los nacionalistas del Kuomintang representaran a China. En opinión de Churchill, Taiwán estaba ocupada militarmente por los chinos, pero no les pertenecía. Total, que el debate acerca del derecho legal de China a reclamar la soberanía de Taiwán aún colea, con académicos y políticos argumentando una larga serie de declaraciones, acuerdos y disposiciones tanto a favor como en contra para tratar de llegar a un acuerdo sobre algo que no quedó lo suficientemente claro en su momento. Pero parece muy difícil, por no decir imposible, que algún día todas las partes interesadas se pongan de acuerdo. Gracias por visitar nuestro canal. Somos Raquel de la Morena y Pedro Estrada, periodistas y escritores. En nuestros vídeos os contaremos historias destinadas especialmente a mentes curiosas. Biografías, leyendas, misterios, curiosidades históricas y literarias... Si os apetece escucharlas y verlas, ¡sois bienvenid@s! Como escritores, somos autores de novelas de romance histórico ('El corazón de la banshee' y '¿Quién diablos eres?', obra ganadora del V Premio Titania), libros juveniles (como la novela-espejo 'La maldición de Trefoil House') y también infantil-juveniles (como la colección 'Vinlandia', publicada también en Francia por la editorial Hachette). Sígueme en las redes sociales: Instagram 📸: https://www.instagram.com/raqueldlmorena Twitter: https://twitter.com/RaqueldlMorena Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Raquel-de-la-Morena-423244607874154/ ----------- Guion: Pedro Estrada y Raquel de la Morena Edición, audio y vídeo: Pedro Estrada Música: 'Lau Tzu Ehru', de Doug Maxwell

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